Naturalization is the process by which a foreign-born individual becomes a U.S. citizen. If you meet the necessary eligibility requirements, you may apply for U.S. citizenship either through birth or through the naturalization process after birth. As a naturalized citizen, you gain important rights and benefits, including the ability to vote, eligibility for certain federal jobs, the opportunity to petition for family members to join you, and the ability to travel to many countries without first securing a visa.